PSYC 354 Final Exam 2

1. This histogram represents the distribution of the number of years of education completed by twins who attended the 16th Annual Twins Day Festival in Twinsburg, Ohio, in August of 1991. 
2. All of the recent children born into Jessica's family have been males, so there is a lot of pressure for her and her husband, Matt, to have the first granddaughter. In fact, everyone is sure that their first child will be a girl, because the family is due to have one! Unfortunately for their families, this logic is false because: 
3. As part of their work in a research methods class, a group of psychology students devised a survey to assess the relation between stress and health. Each member of the class administered the survey to 10 friends, and the data were then pooled. What method of sampling was used? 
4. Jenny hypothesized that older adults would score higher on emotional intelligence measures compared to younger adults in her study. If the results are in support of Jenny's hypothesis, she would: 
5. Random samples are almost never used because
6. If a researcher rejects the null hypothesis when the null hypothesis is in fact true, she has 
7. Random assignment differs from random selection because:
8. Identify the correct formula for using the sample standard deviation to estimate the population standard deviation. 
9. In a sample of data set that has several extremely low scores, creating negative skew: 
10. In a study of the effects of humor on memory, Schmidt (1994) had participants read either 
11. At 24 years of age, Megan is 5 feet, 6 inches tall. The national average for height is 5 feet, 4 inches, so Megan is taller than average. The national average is a: 
12. Meredith is a nurse in the obstetrics ward of a hospital. She tells her friend that at her hospital more babies are born when there is a full moon. The hospital's records show no such relationship, however. Meredith's belief is an example 
13. If a researcher fails to reject the null hypothesis when the null hypothesis is in fact false, she has: 
14. Most animal owners will tell you that their pets positively impact their well-being. In order to test this hypothesis, a researcher collects well-being data on 150 pet owners and 150 people without pets. The average scores for well-being for each group are examples of: 
15. A ________ sample is a type of convenience sample. 
16. If Dr. Bui uses random assignment in her research, then she can make the reasonable assumption that: 
17. Confirmation bias predicts that people will ignore or be most cynical about: 
18. With random ___________ participants have the same chance of being exposed to any level of the independent variable; with random ___________ participants have an equal chance of being recruited to the study 
19. For a sample of data, the mean, median, and mode are all the exact same value. What is likely true of this distribution? 
20. If the probability of selecting a pink gumball is 0.70, the chance can also be expressed as: 
21. In a small town in California, it rains just 5% of the time, based on data collected over decades. In the last 10 days, it has rained for 8 days. What is the probability of rain? 
22. A Type I error is to a ________ as a Type II error is to a ________. 
23. In a distribution that is skewed by a few extreme outliers, what would be the best choice for a measure of central tendency? 
24. For a sample of raw test scores, each student received a unique value, with no overlapping scores. For these data, there will be no: 
25. Here is a set of data: 
26. The ________ is the difference between the lowest and highest score in the distribution. 
27. In an in-class demonstration of a classic experiment on the effects of smiling on happiness, 
28. In a standard deck of playing cards, there is a total of 56 cards, 4 of which are jacks. What is the expected relative frequency probability of drawing a single jack from the deck of cards? 
29. If the variance of some data is 37.33, what is the standard deviation? 
30. A sample of 150 women results in an average weight calculation of 168 pounds. This average weight is a: 
31. Numbers that describe populations are called: 
32. A multimodal distribution has ________ mode(s). 
33. Which measure of variability is most affected by the lowest and highest values in a data set? 
34. When working with nominal data, which measure of central tendency is best? 
35. This table represents the fictional scores of a set of participants who rated their optimism levels on a scale from 1 to 7, with 1 indicating very unoptimistic and 7 indicating very optimistic. 
36. Which of the following student characteristics is an example of an ordinal (rank-order) variable? 
37. If a student sees 5.0-9.9 in a table in an article in a psychology journal, the student is seeing 
38. When a distribution is skewed to the right it means that
39. If a psychologist summarizes data for a variable in a frequency table, but finds that there are so many values for the variable that the table is too cumbersome to be useful, the next step would be to make a 
40. A psychologist wants to study PTSD in soldiers returning from the Middle East in order to develop a treatment program. The psychologist has not decided how to assess PTSD yet. At this point, “PTSD” is a(n)