1. A researcher wants to find out whether gross motor coordination is better in the morning or in the afternoon. To measure coordination, participants balance a book on their heads first in the morning and then in the afternoon. What is confounded with the independent variable?
2. Strong manipulations are used to __ the effect of the __ variable
3. A researcher who measures the speed of helping in an emergency is using a __ measure
4. Experimenter bias effects can occur when the experimenter:
5. The strongest possible manipulation should not be used if it results in
6. When a confounding variable is present in an experiment, one cannot tell whether the results were due to the
7. A design that has two conditions with different participants in each condition is a (n) __ design
8. When individuals participate in only one condition, it is a __ design. When individuals participate in all conditions it is a __ design
9. A researcher designed an experiment to test the effects of a top secret vitamin supplement on the strength of weight lifters. Thimble lifting would not be a useful measure of strength because thimble lifting
10. The galvanic skin response (GSR) is used as a measure of
11. Which one of the following is a behavioral measure? An investigator measures
12. One problem with the pretest posttest design is that
13. Which one of the following statements is incorrect? In an experimental design, mortality refers to the
14. When constructing a Latin square design, each condition
15. A design that has two conditions with the same participants in each condition is a (n) __ design
16. A (n) __ provides evidence to indicate what brain processes are involved while an individual works on a cognitive task
17. In general staged manipulations are __ than straightforward manipulations
18. Ralph has a confederate cut in front of a person who is second or ninth in line at a grocery store checkout counter. He then records the number of verbal responses towards the confederate as a measure of aggression. The manipulation employed in this study is an example of a __ manipulation
19. In drug research a (n) __ has occurred when it is unclear whether improvement is due to properties of the drug or the expectation about the effect of the drug
20. Which of the following is a technique to improve internal validity __?
21. McKenna designs a study in which she has two control and two experimental groups. In her design, one control group receives a pretest while the other does not, and one experimental group receives a pretest while the other does not. McKenna’s design is an example of a __ design
22. A graduate student assigns students in a class to taste either Coke or Pepsi. Students rate their liking for the soda on a scale from 1 to 10. This is an example of a __ design
23. It is policy in a school district to inform teachers in the fall whether any of their new students had previously been identified as having behavior or learning problems. This policy probably:
24. A matched pairs design involves:
25. Dr. Colombo measures the tension in a participants neck muscles as she completes a strenuous physical task. Dr. Colombo has most likely used a(n
26. In general__ manipulations are less costly than__manipulations
27. While in a shopping mall, a marketing researcher stops and asks you which you prefer; soda in a bottle or soda in a can. Your response would be an example of a __ measure
28. Experimenter expectancy or bias effects can be reduced by
29. Dr. Mills measures participant’s brain wave activity in order to study the brains response to sounds of varying frequencies. Dr. Mills is likely to be using which type of physiological measure?
30. Presenting participants with different versions of a videotaped confession in order to study person perception is an example of (a) n ___ manipulation
31. At the end of a three year study, Susan finds that 12 percent of her participants did not take part in the final survey because they moved away. In research terms, Susan is experiencing a __ problem
32. Which of the following statements is true regarding the use of staged manipulations? Staged manipulations
33. Investigators will sometimes use deception in the procedures to address the problem of:
34. Professor Smith surveys her students in order to examine their preference for an individual or a group project. The responses Professor Smith collects would be an example of what type pf measures?
35. When planning an experimental manipulation, one should consider
36. Research proposals are often written because they
37. A researcher wants to find out whether campers prefer cotton or nylon sleeping bags. A troop of boy campers tried cotton and a troop of girl campers tried nylon sleeping bags. The sleeping bags were rated for softness and warmth. The confounding variable is
38. Statistical analysis of the data is:
39. During the debriefing period of an experiment participants
40. A criminal investigator measures a suspect’s change in perspiration in response to questions regarding a burglary. The investigator is using which type of physiological measure?
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